热门站点| 世界资料网 | 专利资料网 | 世界资料网论坛
收藏本站| 设为首页| 首页

对藏獒伤人莫忽视刑法规制/吴三军

作者:法律资料网 时间:2024-07-01 20:44:19  浏览:8147   来源:法律资料网
下载地址: 点击此处下载
近期各地发生多起藏獒咬伤人、咬死人的悲剧事件。笔者认为,大型犬、烈性犬咬人事件之所以屡屡发生,与对此类事件处罚太轻有关。一般情况下都是责令犬的主人支付医药费,并对伤者给予民事赔偿。这样的处理显然难以起到惩戒效果和约束作用。

藏獒咬死人,犬主人是否该承担刑事责任,学界存在争议:

第一种观点认为,应认定为过失致人死亡罪。本罪在主观上必须是过失。如果犬主人主观上故意放犬咬人,则犬只是主人实施故意杀人或者故意伤害的工具,狗主人则涉嫌故意杀人或故意伤害致人重伤或死亡。在客观要件上,过失行为与损害结果必须存在因果关系。犬主人对犬存在管理义务,这种义务是一种常识义务,包括保证其不能伤人,且将其向派出所等机构进行登记,接受免疫注射,获取饲养证等。但如果狗的主人忽略这些义务,并且应当预见像藏獒之类的烈性犬容易发生伤人事件,但是疏忽大意,使犬脱离自己的控制范围,导致伤人事件发生,其行为与死亡的结果存在直接因果关系。

第二种观点认为,应定过失以危险方法危害公共安全罪。此罪名属于结果犯,是指过失以放火、决水、爆炸以及投放危险物质以外的危险方法危害公共安全,致不特定多数人重伤、死亡或者使公私财产遭受严重损失的行为。主观上表现为过失,对发生危害公共安全的严重后果持否定态度,既不希望也不放任其发生。这一特征是行为人负有刑罚处罚的主观基础。从危险性看,该行为应当与防火、决水、爆炸的危险性相当,但烈性犬的危险性显然没有那么大。

第三种观点认为,应属于意外事件,不承担刑事责任。意外事件是指行为在客观上虽然造成了损害结果,但不是出于行为人的故意或者过失,而是由于不能预见的原因所引起。“不能预见”是指当时行为人对其行为发生损害结果不但没有预见,而且根据其实际能力和当时的具体条件,行为人也无法预见。但如果藏獒主人没有进行烈性犬登记,只是家中圈养,没有采取必要的防护设施,那么其主观上存在过错,不属于意外事件。

笔者认为,对于大型犬、烈性犬咬人案件,应该具体问题具体分析。第一,可根据是否具有攻击性和是否可以被驯服为标准对犬进行分类,分别制定相关规定,取消35厘米限高规定。对于烈性犬,饲养条件更为严格,如要求为烈性犬统一办理“身份证”,接受严格的免疫注射等。发动民间机构对犬进行培训驯服,经过专业机构驯服,取得相关证明后居民才可以饲养。对于无证饲养的,要取缔。第二,征收宠物税,建立公益基金,对被犬所伤得不到赔偿的困难群体予以救助。笔者建议,建立强制性宠物伤人保险制度,强制宠物饲养人购买宠物伤害险,以避免动物伤人后主人却无力承担医疗费用的情况。宠物伤人险可以根据宠物的种类、宠物的大小和年龄来确定每年不同的保险金。第三,烈性犬一旦发生伤人事件,要根据伤势的轻重、是否履行好看护责任和是否具备办理饲养证明来判断是否追究刑事责任。在排除故意伤害或者故意杀人的情况下,如果属于轻伤以下,按照侵权责任法追究民事责任;构成重伤或者致人死亡的,应当以过失致人重伤罪或者过失致人死亡罪处理。

(作者分别为山东省成武县人民检察院检察长、研究室主任)
下载地址: 点击此处下载

关于发布《关于检察机关直接受理立案侦查案件中若干数额、数量标准的规定(试行)》的通知

最高人民检察院


关于发布《关于检察机关直接受理立案侦查案件中若干数额、数量标准的规定(试行)》的通知
最高人民检察院



地方各级人民检察院,各级军事检察院:
《关于检察机关直接受理立案侦查案件中若干数额、数量标准的规定(试行)》已经最高人民检察院第八届检察委员会第74次会议通过,现予发布试行。试行中发现的问题,请及时层报最高人民检察院。

关于检察机关直接受理立案侦查案件中若干数额、数量标准的规定(试行)

(最高人民检察院第八届检察委员会第74次会议通过)


根据《刑法》、《刑事诉讼法》的有关规定,现将检察机关直接受理立案侦查案件中若干数额、数量标准规定如下:
一、贪污案(刑法第382条、第383条、第183条第2款、第271条第2款、第394条)
1、个人贪污数额在5千元以上的,应予立案;
2、个人贪污数额不满5千元,但情节较重的,应予立案。
二、挪用公款案(刑法第384条、第185条第2款、第272条第2款)
1、挪用公款归个人使用,数额在1万元以上,超过3个月未还的和挪用公款数额在1万元以上,归个人进行营利活动的,应予立案;
2、挪用公款归个人使用,数额在5千元以上,进行非法活动的,应予立案。
三、受贿案(刑法第385条、第386条、第388条、第163条第3款、第184条第2款)
1、个人受贿数额在5千元以上的,应予立案;
2、个人受贿数额不满5千元,但情节较重的,应予立案。
四、单位受贿案(刑法第387条)
1、单位受贿数额在10万元以上的,应予立案;
2、单位受贿数额不满10万元,但具有其他严重情节的,应予立案。
五、行贿案(刑法第389条、第390条)
1、行贿数额在1万元以上的,应予立案;
2、行贿数额不满1万元,但具有其他严重情节的,应予立案。
六、对单位行贿案(刑法第391条)
1、个人行贿数额在10万元以上、单位行贿数额在20万元以上的,应予立案;
2、个人行贿数额不满10万元、单位行贿数额不满20万元,但具有其他严重情节的,应予立案。
七、介绍贿赂案(刑法第392条)
1、介绍个人向国家工作人员行贿,数额在1万元以上的;介绍单位向国家工作人员行贿,数额在10万元以上的,应予立案;
2、介绍贿赂数额虽然不足上述标准,但具有其他严重情节的,应予立案。
八、单位行贿案(刑法第393条)
1、单位行贿数额在10万元以上的,应予立案;
2、单位行贿数额不满10万元,但具有其他严重情节的,应予立案。
九、巨额财产来源不明案,隐瞒境外存款案(刑法第395条)
巨额财产来源不明或者隐瞒境外存款数额在10万元以上的,应予立案。
十、私分国有资产案,私分罚没财物案(刑法第396条)
私分国有资产或者私分罚没财物数额在10万元以上的,应予立案。
十一、滥用职权案,玩忽职守案,国家机关工作人员徇私舞弊案(刑法第397条)
1、造成死亡1人以上,或者重伤3人以上,或者轻伤10人以上的,应予立案;
2、造成直接经济损失10万元以上的,应予立案;
3、直接经济损失、人员伤亡虽然不足规定的数额或者数量标准,但具有其他严重情节的,应予立案。
十二、徇私舞弊不征、少征税款案(刑法第404条)
不征或者少征税款达5万元以上的,应予立案。
十三、徇私舞弊发售发票、抵扣税款、出口退税案,违法提供出口退税凭证案(刑法第405条)
徇私舞弊发售发票、抵扣税款、出口退税或者违法提供出口退税凭证,致使国家税收损失在5万元以上的,应予立案。
十四、国家机关工作人员签订、履行合同失职被骗案(刑法第406条)
失职被骗造成直接经济损失10万元以上的,应予立案。
以上数额、数量标准,根据法律规定,在有些案件中不是构成犯罪追究刑事责任的唯一标准,在适用时应根据法律规定全面掌握。



1997年12月31日

江西省企业投资项目备案办法

江西省人民政府


江西省企业投资项目备案办法(附:英文译本)



  《江西省企业投资项目备案办法》已经2006年4月12日省人民政府第43次常务会议审议通过,现予公布施行。
     省长 黄智权
       二○○六年四月十四日
  
       江西省企业投资项目备案办法
  
  第一条 为规范企业投资项目的备案管理,落实企业投资决策自主权,根据《国务院关于投资体制改革的决定》和《国家发展改革委关于实行企业投资项目备案制指导意见的通知》,结合本省实际,制定本办法。
  第二条 本省行政区域内企业投资项目的备案,适用本办法。
  本办法所称的企业投资项目,是指企业不使用政府性资金,投资建设国务院颁布的《政府核准的投资项目目录》、《江西省政府核准的投资项目目录》以及国家法律法规和国务院专门规定禁止投资以外的项目。
  第三条 县级以上人民政府发展改革(计划)行政主管部门和经济贸易行政主管部门为企业投资项目备案机关。企业基本建设类投资项目由发展改革(计划)行政主管部门备案;企业技术改造类投资项目由经济贸易行政主管部门备案。
  环境保护、国土资源、城市规划、安全生产监督管理等有关部门,应当在各自职责范围内协助做好企业投资项目备案工作。
  项目备案机关和有关部门应当建立信息共享机制,加强联系和沟通,为企业投资提供便利。
  第四条 企业投资建设实行备案制的项目,应当根据项目类别和规定的备案权限,向相应的项目备案机关申请备案。
  第五条 中央驻赣企业、省管企业投资项目由省人民政府项目备案机关备案。其他企业投资项目,按照属地原则,由项目所在地市、县(区)人民政府项目备案机关备案。法律、法规或者规章另有规定的,从其规定。
  设区市与县(市、区)人民政府项目备案机关备案权限的划分,由各设区市人民政府确定。
  第六条 项目申报单位申请备案,应当向项目备案机关提交企业投资项目备案申请表。
  企业投资项目备案申请表包括下列内容:
  (一)项目申报单位基本情况;
  (二)项目名称;
  (三)建设性质;
  (四)建设地点;
  (四)建设规模和主要建设内容;
  (五)总投资和资金来源。
  项目申报单位应当对企业投资项目备案申请表内容的真实性负责。
  第七条 项目备案机关应当将企业投资项目备案所涉及的法律、法规、规章和政策,以及企业投资项目备案申请表格式文本予以公布,方便企业查询、索取。
  第八条 项目备案机关对企业投资项目的下列内容进行审查:
  (一)是否属于备案范围;
  (二)是否属于本机关管辖范围;
  (三)是否符合国家产业政策;
  (四)是否符合法律、法规、规章的规定。
  第九条 企业投资项目备案申请表不符合要求的,项目备案机关应当当场或者在3个工作日内一次告知项目申报单位补正。
  企业投资项目备案申请表符合要求的,项目备案机关应当当场受理。
  第十条 项目备案机关应当自受理企业投资项目备案申请之日起5个工作日内,作出是否备案的决定,并向社会公布。符合备案规定的,予以备案,发给企业投资项目备案通知书;不符合备案规定的,不予备案,发给不予备案通知书,并说明理由。
  项目备案机关应当将企业投资项目备案通知书和不予备案通知书抄送相关行政主管部门。
  第十一条 环境保护、国土资源、建设、城市规划、安全生产监督管理、质量监督等部门,应当按照职能分工,对项目备案机关予以备案的项目依法审查和办理相关手续;对应当备案而未备案以及项目备案机关不予备案的项目,不予办理相关手续。
  第十二条 各级项目备案机关应当对企业投资项目的备案材料进行整理、归纳、分析,做好社会投资的监测工作,并及时向上级项目备案机关报送相关材料。
  第十三条 已备案项目有下列情形之一的,应当重新办理备案手续:
  (一)项目法人发生变化的;
  (二)建设地点发生变更的;
  (三)变更建设方案可能对环境、安全生产等产生重大不利影响的。
  第十四条 企业投资项目备案通知书的有效期为2年,自送达之日起计算。
  企业投资项目在备案通知书有效期内未开工的,项目申报单位需要继续建设,应当在有效期届满前30日内向原项目备案机关申请延续,原项目备案机关应当在备案通知书有效期届满前作出是否准予延续的决定。
  第十五条 项目备案机关应当加强备案项目的监管,对项目申报单位以拆分项目、提供虚假材料等不正当手段取得企业投资项目备案文件的,应当撤销该项目的备案;对未予备案擅自开工建设以及不按备案内容进行建设的项目,应当责令其停止建设,并依法追究有关单位和责任人的责任。
  第十六条 项目备案机关工作人员在备案过程中玩忽职守、滥用职权或者徇私舞弊的,依法给予行政处分;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。
  第十七条 事业单位、社会团体等非企业单位投资建设备案范围内的项目,按照本办法进行备案。
  第十八条 本办法自公布之日起施行。

英文译本
Decree of the People’s
Government of Jiangxi Province
No.
146
Measures of Jiangxi Province for
Record-keeping of Enterprise Investment Projects examined and approved at the
43rd Executive Meeting of the People’s Government of Jiangxi Province on April
12, 2006 are hereby promulgated and shall be effective as of the date of
promulgation.

Governor: Huang
Zhiquan
April 14,
2006
Measures of Jiangxi
Province for Record-keeping of Enterprise Investment
Projects
Article 1These Measures are formulated in accordance with the
Decision of the State Council on the Reform of the Investment System and the
Circular of the National Development and Reform Commission about the Guidelines
for Implementing the Record-keeping System of Enterprise Investment Projects
with actual situations of the province taken into account for the purpose of
standardizing the record management of the enterprise investment projects and
facilitating the exercise of
autonomous decision-making right of enterprises in
investment.
Article 2These Measures apply to reporting for the record of the
enterprise investment projects within the administrative areas of the
province.
The term
“enterprise investment projects” in these Measures refers only to the projects
(which are free of government funds) listed in《Catalogue of
Investment Projects Approved by the Government》and《Catalogue of
Investment Projects Approved by the Government of Jiangxi
Province》;it also refers
to all other projects with the exception of those in violation of state laws and
regulations or prohibited by the State Council.
Article 3The administrative competent
departments of development and reform (planning) and the administrative
competent departments of economy and trade of the people’s governments at or
above the county level are the record-keeping organs for enterprise investment
projects. The competent departments of development and reform (planning) of the
people’s governments are responsible for the record-keeping of capital
construction of the enterprise investment projects; the competent departments of
economy and trade are responsible for the record-keeping of technical renovation
for the enterprise investment projects.
The departments
responsible for environmental protection, national land resource management,
urban planning, supervision and management of safe production shall assist with
the record-keeping of the enterprise investment projects within their respective
realms of functions and
duties.
The
record-keeping organs and the relevant departments shall establish an
information-sharing mechanism strengthening connection and communication between
them for the sake of facilitating the enterprise
investment.
Article 4The enterprise investment projects which need to report
for the record shall apply to the corresponding record-keeping organs for being
reported for the record according to the project category and prescribed extent
of power in record-keeping.
Article 5The investment projects of the Jiangxi-based state-run
enterprises and the provincial enterprises are reported for the record to the
record-keeping organ of the provincial people’s government. Other enterprise
investment projects are reported for the record to the record-keeping organs of
people’s governments of the prefecture, municipality or county (district) where
the projects exist according to the domicile principle. However, if otherwise
specifically provided by laws, regulations or rules, they shall
prevail.
The division of
the power extent of the record-keeping organs of the municipality with
subordinate administrative areas and county (municipality, region) people’s
governments is defined by the people’s government of the municipality with
subordinate administrative areas.
Article 6Any project unit which reports for the record shall
submit an application form of enterprise investment project to the
record-keeping organ.
The application
form of enterprise investment project includes the following
contents:
(1) the basic
conditions of the project application unit;
(2) the name of the
project;
(3) construction
nature;
(4) construction
site;
(5) construction scale
and the main construction contents; and
(6) total investment
and its source.
The project
application unit shall be responsible for the genuineness of the contents in the
application form of enterprise investment project.
Article 7The record-keeping organs shall make public the laws,
regulations, rules and policies concerning the record-keeping of enterprise
investment projects and the application form format for the record-keeping of
enterprise investment projects to make them accessible to the enterprises on
request.
Article 8The record-keeping organs shall examine the following
contents of the enterprise investment projects:
(1) whether the
projects are within the scope of the record;
(2) whether the
projects are within the scope of their
jurisdiction;
(3) whether the
projects conform to the national industry policy; and
(4) whether the
projects conform to the stipulations of laws, regulations and
rules.
Article 9Where the application form of the enterprise investment
project does not meet the requirements, the record-keeping organ shall ask the
project application unit to make corrections and amendments on the spot or once
and for all within three working days.
Where the
application form of the enterprise investment project meets the requirements,
the record-keeping organ shall accept the application on the
spot.
Article 10The record-keeping organ shall decide whether to accept
the record application or not within five days from the date of acceptance of
the application for reporting for the record of the enterprise investment
project and make it known to the society. If the application conforms to the
stipulations for record-keeping, the record-keeping organ shall accept the
application, notifying the applicant of its decision to put on record the enterprise investment project; if the
application does not conform to the stipulations for record-keeping, the
record-keeping organ shall not accept the application, notifying the applicant
of its decision to not accept to put on record the enterprise investment project
together with the reasons for it.
The
record-keeping organ shall send a copy of the notice of accepting or not
accepting the record application of the enterprise investment project to the
relevant administrative competent departments.
Article 11The departments responsible for environmental
protection, national land resource management, urban planning, supervision and
management of safe production shall examine projects filed on record by the
record-keeping organs and handle the relevant procedures according to laws and
their respective functions and duties. As for the projects which should have
been reported for the record but have not been done so or the projects whose
applications were not accepted by the record-keeping organs, those departments
shall not handle the relevant procedures.
Article 12The record-keeping organs at the different levels shall
sort out, classify and analyze the recorded materials of the enterprise
investment projects, keep a close watch on the social investment and submit the
relevant data to the higher record-keeping organs on time.
Article 13Where projects for the record have any one of the
following circumstances, the archival procedures shall be handled
again.
(1) the change of the
legal person of the project;
(2) the change of the
construction site; and
(3) the change of the
construction scheme can produce great negative influence on the environment,
safe production, etc.
Article 14The notice of record-keeping of the enterprise
investment project is valid for two years, starting from the date of
service.
Where the
construction of the enterprise investment project has not started and the
project application unit which needs to undertake the construction shall apply
to the original record-keeping organ for extension of construction within 30
days prior to the expiry of the validity period of the notice. The original
record-keeping organ shall make a decision whether or not to approve the
extension prior to the expiry of the notice .
Article 15The record-keeping organs shall strengthen the
supervision and management of the projects for the record. Where any project
application unit obtains the record-keeping document of the enterprise
investment project by inappropriate means such as dismembering the project,
providing the false materials, etc., the record-keeping organ shall dissolve the
record-keeping of the project. Where any project application unit starts
construction without authorization or constructs the project which is not in
accordance with the record-keeping contents, the record-keeping organ shall
order the unit to stop the construction and investigate the relevant unit and
its responsible person for their legal liability.
Article 16Where a staff member of any organ neglects his duties,
abuses his power or resorts to cheating for his self purposes, he shall be given
an administrative sanction; if a crime is committed, he shall be investigated
for criminal liability.
Article 17The record-keeping of the investment projects of the
non-enterprise units such as public institutions and social organizations, etc.
shall be handled in accordance with these measures.
Article 18Measures shall be effective as of the date of
promulgation.



版权声明:所有资料均为作者提供或网友推荐收集整理而来,仅供爱好者学习和研究使用,版权归原作者所有。
如本站内容有侵犯您的合法权益,请和我们取得联系,我们将立即改正或删除。
京ICP备14017250号-1